Coke oven



E. COFFEE Sepe. 9, 1930.

GOK! @VBN Filed Jun. 15. 1926 Patented Sept. 9, 1930 rUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EENCE COPIE, F BRUSSELS, BELGIUI COKE OVEN The present invention relates to a re-generatingcoke oven an relates more articularly to the method of circulation of t e gases in the pillars or walls containing vertical flues-in such a way as to produce a more advantageous exchange of heat between the burning gases and the charge to be coked.

The object of the present invention is to increase the speed of the gaseous current l with a view to increasin the transmission of heat by convection w ich, for an equal amount of sensible heat carried along, produces a greater exchange of heat through the heating wall, andobtaining an increased production on account of the possibility of supplying a greater quantity of combustible gases.

For this puropse, according tothe inven' tion, the vertical wall of the coke oven is formed of an even number of groups of vertical liues each of which is connected to the one adjacent to it by a connecting chamber, these chambers being arran ed alternately at the top and `at the bottom a ong the lengt of the wall; the whole of the fluid burning agent is admitted into the rst group with a fraction of the total amount o gas servin for the combustion while the other arts o the gas are admitted alon the pat of the burmng current of gas w ere they encounter a greatly diluted agent which produces a slow burnin with -a long ame.

The fraction of the combustible gases is admitted at the base of the uptake lues of the outer grou through a duct the reduced length of whic obviates any cause of formation of raphite which results when this duct exten s into the central and hottest part of the oven and from the rolonged stay of the gas the speed of which decreases with the amount of its distribution.

A coke oven according to the invention also renders the coking temperature uniform over the whole length ofthe vertical wall and obviates the disadvantages of having a lack of homogeneity in the uality of the coke on account of the unequal urning or baking in the different parts of the oven.

In order to obviate a rapid bakingin the 50 neighborhood of the point of ignition of the gas and the production, at the base of the coke cakeof a dead baked coke of reduced burning power, certain constructors have provided for the carbonizing chamber to decrease in width upwardly in proportion to 5l the fall in temperature-of the gases as they ascend.

This solution, which is favorable in the case of ,the uptake flues, nevertheless increases the effect in the case of the downtake fiues where the temperature of the gases continues to decrease while the thickness of the layers to be coked increases.

On the contrary in the oven according to the present invention, in which the fluids of 55 the combustion, reassembled into one sin le current pass through the heating lues wit a much greater volume, the drops in temperature of these iuids, for an equal amount of heat given up, decrease on account of the 7 magnitude of their volume and the thermal potential remains practically constant over the whole height of the oven, whether the ow is up or down. v

Other features and advantages of the oven according to the invention will ap ear from vthe description hereinafter given, y way of example of a coke oven constructed. according to the invention and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which: 8

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the'vertical walls showin the arrangement of the various groups of ues as well as the intakes for the gas serving for combustion.

Fi re 2 is a sectional elevation taken along 8 the line II--II in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation taken along the hne III-III in Figure 1. v

As shown in the drawin the vertical wall of the coke oven is forme by an even numberA of groups of vertical ues 3 each group being separated from the one adjacent to 1t by a partition dividin wall. These .iues may be o any number an the number may vary from one group to the other. Each group communicates with the adjacent group to the right or the left of it by a communication chamber 2 the position of which is such that over the whole length of the vertical wall the chambers 2 are alter- 1 nately at the upper and lower ends of the flues. The current of burning gas therefore follows an undulating or sinuous path, each group of lines being traversed by a strong current of gas evolved and the direction of iow of these gases being alternated from one groupto the one adjacent to it. In Figure 1 it has been assumed that in the stage of regeneration considered the current flows from left to right.- v The air supplied forthe combustion is reheated in the regenerator 4 and is distributed by ducts 5 disposed at the base of the uptake ilues of the outer group according to the draught regulated by the dampers or slides 14 disposed at vthe upper part ofl the ilues (hF ig. 2). A part Vof the gases serving for t e combustion, called primary gas, is forced through the pipe 6 into the distributing duct 7 and is distributed into the same lues 3 by means of calibrated and removable nozzles 9 to which access is obtained through the inspection holes 10 provided in the roof of the vertical wall.

The gaseous currentfascending through the flues 3 forming the outer group referred to is then reversed in direction inthe following group in such a way as to produce a baiied iow passing successively through the whole of the flues of each group. Near the points of reversal situated at the upper part of the vertical flues .are provided secondary gas inlets 11, 12, and 13 in order to compensate for the heat given up in each of the preceding groups and to maintain in the following divisions a burning with a longl llame obtained by the degree of diluti-on of the fluid burning a ent in the inert mass of burnt gases produced by the previous burningsl Dampers or slides 15 lsimilar to the 4slides 14 ensure the equal distribution of the gaseous current in the vertical flues forming the successive groups. l

The arrangement of the duct 7 of small length serving for the distribution of the primary gas at the base ofthe uptake iiues of the outer group only, obviates any cause tending to the formation of graphite.

This graphite is vformedA particularly when the primary gas inlet duct is arranged in the central part of the oven and as a conse- ?llllence of a prolonged stay of these gases inv ese ducts. p

The oven is therefore adapted for the use of fuels of most differing natures, from water gas of relatively low calorific value .to gases which are most rich in hydrocarbons, such as coke oven gas dehydrogenated inthe .manufacture of synthetic ammoniawhich is 'difficult to employ on account of its aptitude for forming graphite deposits in the ducts which take part in 'its distribution.

The coke oven thus constructed presents the advantages that a very regular coking in the different parts ofthe oven and a better the temperature of combustion which de-l pends upon the amount of sensible heat supplied and the calorific value of the fuel employed but that as the transmission of heat is limited to the value of the thermal potential n between the o posite faces of thel heating wall, the heating action will be as much greater as the supply of calorific energy, per unit of time, is greater..v It follows that in ovens of the present day type in which for reasons of economy it is convenient to regulate the burning with .the greatest precision, that is to say with a minimum amount of excess air, it is impossible to greatly increase the normal ksupply of gas and air without reaching a temperature which is dangerous to the preservation of the refractory brickwork.

In the oven according to the present invention the total amount of air is admitted into v the outer group, with which air is .incorporated only a part of the'gas, which enables a lowervtemperature of combustion to be obtained and consequently a greater caloriiic energy to be supplied to the coking operation, by means of a greater admission of gas and .air, without exceedingthe limiting working temperature obtaining in other oven systems.

The secondary vadmissions of gas, the object of which is to compensate for the falls in temperature in the various parts ,of the oven will also increase with the magnitude of this current and will co-operate in order to supply to the heating a maximum calorific energy of which use is made on account of the greater power of transmission which is due to the speed of the gaseous current in the vertical wall. `These secondary admissions ofgas are made from the top of the oven into" the gases resulting from a previous burning and as a consequence of a relatively low burning power vwhich gives4 the ame the additional length necessitated by the extension of the paths in ovens of large dimensions.

This retarding of the combustion is em-A ployed to advantage, in the direction of progression of the flame, from the upper end of the first group where the gaseous current receives the first admission of secondary gas so as to give the flame ofthe primary gas simply an ascending circulation of length half as much as the successively ascending and descending flow of the flame' inother oven systems.

It follows from these various points that, in the oven according to the present invention the height of the charge may be increased beyond the allowable limits in the ordinary ooking process and that the advantages obtained-the increased power of transmission, the possibility of supplying more caloric energy and further lengthening the flameincrease the productive capacity to a considerv able extent.

What I claim is:

In a coke oven, a coking chamber,.a heating wall for said chamber comprising a series of an even *number of at least four groups of vertical combustion lues, said groups being communicatively connectedtogether in series by horizontal bus ilues above, and at 'least one horizontal bus Hue below, said vertical combustion 4lues, means for admltting air into and discharging burnt gas alternately from, each of the outer groups means for .admitting fuel gas into each of the outer groups, and means for admitting fuel gasdirectly into each of the upper bus ues.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

BARON EVENCE COPPE. 

